Centaurian / World history map History tools: compare, rank, explore Four tools built on the 371 largest and longest-lasting empires of our history map: compare empires, see records, explore the world in any year, or test yourself with a quiz.
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Antiquity
31 BC – AD 394
Peak year: AD 117
Strength Around 30 legions (about 150,000 legionaries) plus auxiliaries of similar size; road and fort building gave a lasting edge.
Famous figures Augustus Trajan Hadrian Marcus Aurelius Constantine the Great Wars & battles won Dacian Wars (101–106) Conquest of Britain (from AD 43) First Jewish–Roman War (66–73) Wars & battles lost Battle of the Teutoburg Forest (AD 9) Battle of Adrianople (378) Middle Ages
AD 1206 – AD 1293
Peak area 27.4 million km²
Peak year: AD 1279
Strength Mounted armies of usually 20,000–100,000 warriors; fast archers and a decimal unit system made them nearly unbeatable for generations.
Famous figures Genghis Khan Ögedei Khan Möngke Khan Kublai Khan Subutai Wars & battles won Conquest of Khwarezm (1219–21) Invasion of the Rus (1237–40) Battle of Mohi (1241) Fall of Baghdad (1258) Wars & battles lost Battle of Ain Jalut (1260) Invasions of Japan (1274, 1281) • At its peak, Mongol Empire was about 5.2× as large as Roman Empire. • Roman Empire lasted about 4.9× as long as Mongol Empire. Borders and dates: Cliopatria / Seshat Global History Databank (CC BY 4.0). Coastlines: Natural Earth. Text: Centaurian.